Structural characteristics and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps species / 药学学报

Polysaccharides is one of the main bioactive components of Cordyceps species, because of the potential clinical value with stronger anti-tumor, such as anti-neuroblastoma, anti-melanoma, anti-lung cancer, anti-colon cancer and so on, its have received widespread attention in biomedical field and increasing research in last decades. According to structural elucidation, this review gives a systematic literature overview on antitumor mechanism of Cordyceps species-derived polysaccharides from three aspects, including inhibition of tumor cell growth, enhancement of immunomodulatory activity and reduction of tumor metastasis. Finally, it also puts forward some scientific problems for follow up research.

Influence of prior percutaneous coronary intervention on outcome of coronary artery bypass grafting: A multi-center clinical study / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective     To investigate the influence of prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on the outcome of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods     Clinical data of 5 216 patients from Jiangsu Province CABG registry who underwent primary isolated CABG from 2016 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into a PCI group (n=673) and a non-PCI group (n=4 543) according to whether they had received PCI treatment. The PCI group included 491 males and 182 females, aged 62.6±8.2 years, and the non-PCI group included 3 335 males and 1 208 females, aged 63.7±8.7 years. Multivariable logistic regression and propensity score matching (PSM) were used to compare 30-day mortality, incidence of major complications and 1-year follow-up outcomes between the two groups. Results     Both in original cohort and matched cohort, there was no statistical difference in the 30-day mortality [14 (2.1%) vs. 77 (1.7%), P=0.579; 14 (2.1%) vs. 11 (1.6%), P=0.686], or the incidence of major complications (myocardial infarction, stroke, mechanical ventilation≥24 h, dialysis for new-onset renal failure, deep sternal wound infection and atrial fibrillation) (all P>0.05). The rate of reoperation for bleeding in the PCI group was higher than that in the non-PCI group [19 (2.8%) vs. 67 (1.5%), P=0.016; 19 (2.8%) vs. 7 (1.0%), P=0.029]. Both in original cohort and matched cohort, there was no statistical difference in 1-year survival rate between the two groups [613 (93.1%) vs. 4 225 (94.6%), P=0.119; 613 (93.1%) vs. 630 (95.2%), P=0.124], while the re-admission rate in the PCI group was significantly higher than that in the non-PCI group [32 (4.9%) vs. 113 (2.5%), P=0.001; 32 (4.9%) vs. 17 (2.6%), P=0.040]. Conclusion     This study shows that a history of PCI treatment does not significantly increase the perioperative mortality and major complications of CABG, but increases the rate of cardiogenic re-admission 1 year postoperatively.

Association between cesarean section and sensory integration dysfunction in preschool children: a prospective cohort study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the association between cesarean section and sensory integration dysfunction (SID) in preschool children through a prospective cohort study.@*METHODS@#Based on the multicenter mother-infant cohort established by the Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in 2012, the sensory integration functions (three dimensions: vestibular balance, tactile defensiveness, and proprioception) of 392 preschool children were evaluated by the Chinese Children Sensory Integration Capacity Development Rating Scale in 2017. Births by cesarean section were the exposure factors, and the children born by vaginal delivery were enrolled as controls. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of cesarean section with each dimension of SID.@*RESULTS@#The prevalence rate of SID was 21.9% (86/392) among the preschool children, and the prevalence rates of vestibular balance disorder, tactile over-responsivity, and proprioceptive disorder were 5.9% (23/392), 5.4% (21/392), and 15.1% (59/392) respectively. After adjustment for the confounding factors including maternal age at delivery and maternal educational level and child birth situation, the cesarean section group had a significant increase in the risk of proprioceptive disorder (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Cesarean section can significantly increase the risk of proprioceptive disorder in preschool children, especially in boys.

GaAlAs laser pretreatment enhances the function of ADSCs in photoaging of the skin in rats / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on pho toaging skin after laser pretreatment with GaAlAs.Methods ADSCs were isolated from healthy wistar rats,ADSCs were isolated and cultured to establish an adipose-derived stem cell culture system.ADSCs were pretreated with GaAlAs laser at a wavelength of 650 nm 4 J/cm2.A rat model of pho toaging aging was established.Different doses of ADSCs and low energy laser ADSCs were pretreated with ADSCs for the treatment of photoaging skin,and the morphological changes of epidermis and dermis were observed before and after treatment with low energy laser pretreatment.Results When the concentration of ADSCs was 103/100 μl,there was no significant difference in epidermal thickness and dermal thickness between ADSCs treated group and GaAlAs pretreatment group (P＞0.05).The thickness of epidermis in the GaAlAs pretreatment group was significantly lower than that in the ADSCs group (P＜0.05) at 104/100 μl.When the concentration of ADSCs was 5 × 104/100 μl,the epidermal thickness of the GaAlAs pretreatment group decreased significantly and the thickness of the dermis increased significantly,which was significantly different from that of the ADSCs group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions GaAlAs laser pretreatment can enhance ADSCs anti-skin photoaging ability.

Comparison of proliferation, differentiation and migration ability of adipose-derived stem cells in three different granular fats / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#To study the effects of three different granular fats on proliferation, differentiation and migration of adipose-derived stem cells.@*Methods@#Ten patients were selected for lumbar liposuction. The adipose tissue was obtained with different sized side-hole fat aspiration devices: 10 ml of Macrofat (n=10), 10 ml of Microfat (n=10) and 10 ml of Nanofat (n=10). Enzyme digestion method was used to separate and extract adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs). The differences of vascular matrix components in these 3 kinds of fat sources were analyzed. XTT assay was used to detect proliferation and growth ability. The migration ability of the cell injury model was observed in vitro, and the multi-directional differentiation ability was compared by the analysis of adipogenic and osteogenic induction. The experimental data were analyzed using SPSS 13.0 software. One-Way ANOVA was used to compare the difference of multiple groups. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.@*Results@#The detection of adipose-derived stem cells was by flow cytometry and it showed Macrofat, Microfat and Nanofat was(4.23±0.37)×105, (2.29±0.33)×105 and(1.56±0.16)×105. The content of fat-derived stem cells in Macrofat was the highest, followed by Microfat, and the content of Nanofat was the least (F=209.533, P<0.001). XTT assay showed that the proliferative ability of adipose-derived stem cells in the first two generations of Macrofat was the highest, followed by Microfat, while the proliferation of Nanofat was the lowest (the absorbance in 3 groups increased in a time-dependent manner). There was no significant difference in the proliferative capacity of the third generation of 3 groups (the absorbance of these 3 groups were compared at each time point). The cellular trauma model showed that the first generation of Macrofat-derived stem cells had the best migration ability, followed by Microfat, while the Nanofat had the weakest migration ability(Compared with the remaining area of wounds at 0 h, 12 h, 24 h point between the three groups, F=306.370, 1409.907, P<0.001). From the second generation, the migration ability of each group of ADSCs gradually self-repaired, and the migration ability at 12 h was similar to that of the first generation (F=11.410, P<0.001), but there was no significant difference in 24 h (F=0.070, P=0.933). Oil red O and alizarin red staining showed that the first generation of Macrofat and Microfat had better fat-forming and osteogenic differentiation ability than Nanofat(F=523.532, 620.022, P<0.001). However, there was no significant change after the second generation (F=2.144, 0.866, P=0.137, 0.432).@*Conclusions@#In the process of adipose tissue extraction of Nanofat, the production and activity of adipose-derived stem cells was impacted. However, in the process of culture and passage, the cell activity, proliferation ability, migration ability and differentiation ability can be achieved through self-repair, evenclose to the level of Macrofat or Microfat.

Flexor muscle disconnection combined with myocutaneous flap for pressure ulcer in patients of ankylosing posture / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To investigate the efficacy of flexor muscle disconnection combined with myocutaneous flap in the treatment of pressure ulcer in patients of ankylosing posture.Methods A retrospective case series study was conducted to analyze 15 patients with pressure ulcer at different body parts due to ankylosing posture after paraplegia admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from January 2012 to July 2017.There were 10 males and five females,aged 40-78 years,with an average age of 68 years.The pressure ulcer ranged from 3 cm× 3 cm to 15 cm × 11 cm.The pressure ulcers were distributed at sacrococcygeal region in eight patients,macro-rotator in four,and ischial nodules in three.According to the size and position of pressure ulcer,different musculocutaneous flaps were selected,and high selective decompression of hip flexion and knee flexion was performed to ensure the tension free suture of the wound.After the operation,the negative pressure closed drainage (VSD) was given to maintain a proper posture for wound healing.The stitches were removed after the wound healed.The wound healing,pressure ulcer recurrence,flap texture,flap color,and donor site were observed,and patient satisfaction were also surveyed.Results All patients were followed up for 12-36 months,average 24 months.The pressure ulcer was healed in 12 patients after the first repair operation.In two nonunion cases,the unrelieved knee flexion and knee muscles led to high muscular tension and stiff joint,causing strong resistance during limb movement and strong flexor reflex.Two patients were healed after twice operation.In one patient,the incision was torn by the excessive flexion tension due to improper body position caused by the passive movement of the limb after operation,and the wound was healed after twice operation.All muscle flaps covered the wound and survived well,and the wounds were completely closed and healed with good shape,texture as well as elastic recovery.After the suture was removed18 days after surgery,the patients were discharged satisfactorily.The patients received conventional pressure ulcer care,and no new pressure ulcer was reported during the follow-up.The flap donor site was healed well after autologous skin repair.Conclusion For pressure ulcer in patients of ankylosing posture,flexor muscle disconnection combined with myocutaneous flap has notable effects in reducing tension and can accelerate wound healing and improve healing rate.

Evidence-based practice of standardized gastric lavage for acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning / 中华护理杂志

Objective To formulate standardized program of gastric lavage for acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning(AOPP) and evaluate the effects.Methods Evidence was obtained via evidence-based approach,and recommendations were formed.The standardized program of gastric lavage for AOPP was formulated and then applied to clinical practice.The effects were evaluated by examining indicators of success rate of catheterization,the first time of gastric lavage,the time of atropinization and total usage of atropine,ChE recovery time,hospital stay,rebound rate,adverse event rate.Results After implementation,the first time of gastric lavage,the time of atropinization,total usage of atropine,ChE recovery time,and hospital stay were significantly lower than the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Evidence-based practice of gastric lavage for AOPP can improve therapeutic effects,reduce adverse reactions,improve quality of nursing,and promote safety of medical care.

Clinical analysis of sodium nitroprusside on the treatment of senile heart failure with pulmonary edema / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of sodium nitroprusside on the treatment of pulmonary edema in elderly patients with heart failure. Methods 50 elderly cases with heart failure and pulmonary edema From January 2015 to January 2017 were divided into the control group and the observation group according to the different treatment methods. The control group were received conventional therapy, the observation group were given conventional drug combined with sodium nitroprusside. The experimental data was recorded and compared. To investigate the effect of sodium nitroprusside on the rescue of elderly heart failure and pulmonary edema. Results The clinical effect in the observation group is better than that in the control group. The protein related indexes about heart failure and pulmonary edema were significantly improved (P<0.05). The difference of adverse reaction rate in the two groups has no statistically significat. Conclusion Conventional drug therapy combined with sodium nitroprusside were used on the treatment of elderly patients with heart failure, pulmonary edema, which can improve the clinical symptoms, related serum protein, without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions, it is worthy of clinical application.

Feasibility of the 2014 European guidelines risk prediction model for sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Chinese patients / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective@#Exploring the feasibility of the 2014 European Society of Cardiology(ESC)guideline′s risk prediction model for sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM Risk-SCD) in Chinese patients.@*Methods@#The study population consisted of a consecutive cohort of 172 Chinese patients with HCM without prior sudden cardiac death (SCD) event who were in patients in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from December 2010 to October 2015.The endpoint event was a composite of SCD and appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy.Clinical data were collected to calculate the 5-year SCD risk using the HCM Risk-SCD formula and to observe the actual risk during the follow-up.Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) and the area under curve (AUC) were calculated for the HCM Risk-SCD and risk stratification methods of the 2011 American Heart Association (AHA) guideline.@*Results@#During follow-up of (2.69±1.36) years, five patients achieved the endpoint event.The predicated rate of SCD event using HCM Risk-SCD was (2.36±1.73)%, (1.93±0.78)%, (5.18±0.65)%, (8.77±2.38)% for all patients, low-risk group, medium-risk group and high-risk group respectively.However, the actual rate of SCD event was 2.91%, 1.27%, 25.00% and 14.29%, respectively.The AUC of 2014 ESC guideline and 2011 AHA guidelinewas 0.93(95%CI 0.85-1.00) vs. 0.87(95%CI 0.75-0.98).@*Conclusion@#The predicated rate of SCD event calculated by HCM Risk-SCD is lower than actual rate of SCD, but the prediction efficiency and indication for ICD implantation of HCM Risk-SCD are better than that of 2011 AHA guideline.

Analysis of risk factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia in an intensive care unit / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the risk factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in patients admitted in an intensive care unit (ICU) for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 143 patients admitted in the ICU at our center between January, 2014 and June, 2015 were reviewed. The patients with VAP and those without VAP were analyzed for risk factors of VAP in the setting of an ICU for pulmonary TB and compared for the duration of ventilation and hospital stay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients with pulmonary TB showed a significantly higher incidence of VAP in the ICU than those without TB. Univariate analysis suggested that the occurrence of VAP was significantly correlated with the duration of mechanical ventilation, invasive examination, pulmonary tuberculosis, lung structure changes, use of multiple antibiotics, diabetes, tracheal incision, indwelling gastric tube, APACHE II score, and coma (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that pulmonary TB, duration of mechanical ventilation, APACHE II score, invasive operation, and use of multiple antibiotics were independent risk factors for VAP (P<0.05). The patients who developed VAP had a prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Patients admitted in tuberculosis ICU are exposed to a high risk of VAP with a high mortality rate as the result of multiple interacting risk factors. Pulmonary TB, prolonged mechanical ventilation, an APACHE II score >15, invasive operation, and use of multiple antibiotics are all independent risk factors for VAP in tuberculosis ICU.</p>

Serum Ferritin Level - Risk Factors of Myelodysplastic Syndrome Prognosis / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether serum ferritin (SF) level may be used as a indicator for predicting mortality of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 151 patients with MDS were followed up in our study, their blood routine indicators, bone marrow blasts and SF level were detected. All of the patients were divided into the dead group and survival group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average survival time of all patients was 30.0 ± 10.86 months. There were statistical differences in age, IPSS score, chromosome grouping and SF level between 2 groups (P < 0.05). COX model analysis showed that age, MDS type, IPSS score, chromosome grouping and SF level all were related with mortality of patients with MDS, which were risk factors of death for patients with MDS (P < 0.05). The receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) area for SF was 0.826 with a Cut off value of 622.95, the sensitivity and specificity was 77.5% and 75% respectively. Log-rank test showed that the mortalities of patients with different levels of SF were statistically and very significantly different (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The age, IPSS score, chromosome grouping and SF level closely correct with mortality of the patients with MDS, the SF level may be considered as a predictor of death for MDS patients.</p>

Imaging Spectrum after Pancreas Transplantation with Enteric Drainage

Since the introduction of pancreas transplantation more than 40 years ago, surgical techniques and immunosuppressive regiments have improved and both have contributed to increase the number and success rate of this procedure. However, graft survival corresponds to early diagnosis of organ-related complications. Thus, knowledge of the transplantation procedure and postoperative image anatomy are basic requirements for radiologists. In this article, we demonstrate the imaging spectrum of pancreas transplantation with enteric exocrine drainage.

Safety evaluation and quality control of MSCs from hepatitis B patient in vitro / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To get mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from hepatitis B patient and to valuate the safety and quality after long-term culture in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cells obtained directly from bone marrow and cultured in Mesen Pro medium supplemented with FGF, and the morphology of MSCs was observed. Surface antigens of the MSCs were analyzed by flow-cytometry. The bacteria, virus, endotoxin and residual serum of cell suspension were detected. The MSCs and perpheral blood T lymphocytes were co-cultured in 48 well plates for 72 h and the T lymphocyte proliferation was measured by using MTT reduction method and the effect of MSCs on T lymphocyte transformation stimulated by PHA was also observed. The oncogenicity of MSCs was verified by the tumorigenesis test in sofo agar. The genetic stability of MSCs was examined by karyotype analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The MSCs from hepatitis B patient could be passaged to many generations and had strong abilities of proliferation. They expressed stem cell-surface antigens and maintained normal karyotype, prevented the pollution of bacteria and viruses, inhibited the immune response of allogenic T lymphocytes and no oncogenicity found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The MSCs have proliferative potentials, can be passaged in long-term cultures in Mesen Pro medium without oncogenicity, can maintain normal karyotype, can inhibit the immune response of T lymphocytes and can alleviate the grafe-versus diseases. The MSCs can be served as a new type of cells in cell and gene therapy.</p>

Role of caspase-3, -8, and -9 in apoptosis of copper induced primary cortical neurons / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of primary cortical neuron injury induced by high concentrations of copper by observing the effect of aceticum culture medium on apoptosis of rat primary cortical neurons and expression of cleaved caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Primary cortical neurons were cultured for 72 hrs and then exposed to different concentrations of aceticum culture medium (20, 40 and 80 microM). The viability of neurons was detected by the MTT method. Apoptosis was observed by Hoechst33258 and flow cytometry Annexin V/PI. Expression of caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9 was measured by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Following incubation with aceticum culture medium, apoptosis of neurons was induced. Theviability of neurons was remarkably reduced and the rate of apoptosis was tremendously increased in a concentration dependent manner. Caspase 8 and caspase 9 were activated in 20 microM of copper aceticum culture medium 4 hrs after incubation and peaked at 48 hrs in various concentrations of copper aceticum culture medium, presenting with a time and concentration dependent manner. The activated caspase 3 was observed in 20 microM of copper aceticum culture medium 24 hrs after incubation, which was later than the activated caspase 8 and caspase 9. Caspase 3 expression reached a peak 48 hrs in various concentrations of copper aceticum culture medium, presenting with a time and concentration dependent manner.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The apoptosis of primary cortical neurons can be induced by copper. Caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9 cascade reaction may involve in the apoptosis of copper induced rat primary cortical neurons.</p>

Lung adenocarcinoma stem cell phenotypes and their correlation with patient prognosis / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the cancer stem cells and to evaluate their prognostic implication in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three phenotypic markers of cancer stem cells (SP-C, CCSP and OCT4) in lung adenocarcinoma were detected by immunofluorecence staining. The correlation among the clinicopathological parameters and phenotypes of cancer stem cells as well as survival were analyzed by Cox proportional hazard method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 57 cases, cancer stem cells were detected in 52, including OCT4(+) bronchioloalveolar stem cell (BASC) phenotype (SP-C(+) CCSP(+) OCT4(+)) in 40 cases and OCT4(-) BASC phenotype (SP-C(+) CCSP(+) OCT4(-)) in 12 cases. Statistical analysis revealed that the phenotype of cancer stem cells was related with the cellular differentiation, i.e. the OCT4(+) BASC phenotype occurred more frequently in the well-differentiated tumors, while the OCT4(-) BASC phenotype usually presented in most of the poorly-differentiated ones. Cox analysis showed that the OCT4(+) BASC phenotype was one of prognostic factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The lung adenocarcinoma stem cells have phenotypic features of bronchioalveolar stem cells (SP-C(+) CCSP(+)). The expression of self-renewal regulatory gene OCT4 in these cells indicates an aggressive nature and unfavorable prognosis.</p>

Effect of phenylalanine on the Nogo-66 receptor expression in the cortical neurons of rats / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study examined the effect of high concentration of phenylalanine (Phe) on Nogo-66 receptor (NgR) expression in the cortical neurons of rats in vitro in order to investigate whether NgR is involved in the etiology of Phe-induced brain damage.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Neurons from the cerebral cortex of embryonic rats were cultured for 3 days and then were treated with 0.9 mM Phe. After 12, 24 and 48 hrs of Phe treatment, mRNA and protein expression of NgR was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot respectively. Growth cones and growth axons of neurons were detected by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry respectively after 12 and 24 hrs of Phe treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The length of growth axons of neurons was significantly shorter after 12 and 24 hrs of Phe treatment compared with the control group without Phe treatment (P<0.05). Growth cones collapse occurred in 12.5+/-9.7% and 24.1+/-4.5% of neurons respectively after 12 and 24 hrs of Phe treatment but only in 3.5+/-1.5% in the control group (P<0.01). The protein level of NgR after 12, 24 and 48 hrs of Phe treatment was up-regulated, with 9.0, 9.4 and 12.6 times as the control. mRNA level of NgR in the Phe treatment group did not differ from control.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>High concentration of Phe can induce an increased NgR protein expression in cortical neurons, and the increased NgR expression may contribute to the growth cones collapse and the inhibitory activities of axon regeneration after injury.</p>

Epidermal growth factor receptor mutation in serum circulating DNA and selective targeting therapy against lung cancer / 肿瘤

Objective: To detect somatic mutations in epidermial growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the serum circulating DNA, screen the EGFR-mutated lung cancer patients, and evaluate the clinical effects of the genetically targeted drug gefitinib. Methods: DNA was extracted from the serum specimens of patients and amplified by PCR. The EGFR mutations in PCR product were detected by direct sequence analysis. Results: Somatic mutations of EGFR were identified in serum from 46 of the 116 cases (39.7%), including 30 cases (65.2%) in exon 19 and 16 cases (34.8%) in exon 21. Female patients and those patients with adenocarcinoma (including adenosquamous carcinoma) had an increased frequency of mutations. Further analysis on 20 lung cancer patients demonstrated that the EGFR mutation in serum was consistant with that detected in tumor tissues, suggesting that the EGFR mutations in serum originated from the primary tumor. Based on the screening assay, 19 patients with EGFR mutations who failed prior chemotherapy were treated with gefitinib. The response rate was 52.6% and the disease-controlling rate was 89.5%. The median progression-free survival time was 8 months, the median overall survival time was 12 months, and 2-year survival rate was 33.3%. Conclusions: The EGFR mutations in serum circulating DNA are consistant with the mutation in lung cancer tissue. Gefitinib treatment has significant effects on the advanced lung cancer based on the screening results of EGFR mutation.

Optimization of cultivation methods of MSCs from hepatitis B patients and investigation of their biological characteristics / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To optimize cultivation methods of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from hepatitis B patients and to investigate their biological characteristics.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Growth curves of hepatitis B patients MSCs cultivated with five culture media and two inoculation methods were compared; the shapes, appearances, surface markers and bionomics of the cultivated MSCs were studied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Inoculating the cells obtained directly from bone marrow aspirations was not as successful as using the marrow cells after their density gradient centrifugations (76% vs 88%), but the differences in the results were not statistically significant (P more than 0.05). The successful cultivation rates using five culture media were different and the differences were statistically significant (P less than 0.01). The autoserum medium was most successful, fatal bovine serum (FBS) medium was next successful and the non-patient serum medium was the least successful. The growth curves of the cultivations using the different media were parallel to this. Changing the whole culture media every 2 or 3 days was better than changing half of the media. The shapes, appearances, surface markers and the growth characteristics of MSCs from the hepatitis B patients were almost the same as MSCs from the normal adult.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The best cultivation method of MSCs from hepatitis B patients is: separating marrow cells using density gradient centrifugal separation, cultivating them using an autoserum culture medium, and completely changing the medium every 2-3 days. The biological characteristics of MSCs from the hepatitis B patients using the above methods are almost the same as those from normal adults.</p>

MxA gene-88 G/T polymorphism influences the outcomes of HBV infection / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between a G/T substitution at position -88 of myxovirus resistance-1 gene (MxA) and the self-limiting or chronic infection of HBV.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Blood samples from 100 patients with self-limiting HBV infection (positive anti-HBs and anti-HBc) and from 340 patients with chronic HBV infection were collected. MxA-88 G/T polymorphism was typed using a protocol based on competitively differentiated-polymerase chain reaction. For statistical analysis, odds ratio and chi-square test were used.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The detective rate of G/G genotype (low expression genotype) of MxA-88 G/T was 50.2% (221/440), those of T/T genotype (high expression genotype) and G/T heterozygous genotype were 5.5% (24/440) and 44.3% (195/440). Compared to patients with chronic infection, patients with self-limiting infection had lower frequency of G/G genotype (41.0% vs 52.9%, P < 0.05) or G allele (62.5% vs 75.9%, P < 0.01) and had higher frequency of T/T genotype (16.0% vs 2.4%, P < 0.01) or T allele (37.5% vs 24.1%, P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference in the G/T heterozygous genotype.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MxA gene -88 G/T polymorphism influences the natural outcomes of HBV infection to some extent. This SNP of MxA gene may be used as a clinical prognostic marker of HBV infection.</p>

Analysis of EGFR mutations in 176 cases of non-small cell lung cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the incidence and profile of mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 176 cases of NSCLC tissue was enrolled in this study, among which 123 normal lung samples were also included. The tissue DNA was extracted and the EGFR gene in exon 19 to 21 was subjected for PCR amplification and direct sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The EGFR gene in exon 19-21 was of wild type in all normal lung tissues detected. Mutations were found in 57 cases of 176 lung cancer samples, with an incidence of 32. 4%. Mutations were mainly detected in the exon 19 (37/57 cases, 64. 9% ) and exon 21 (18/57 cases, 31. 6% ) , while that in the exon 20 was rare (2/57 cases, 3. 5% ). There were 7 types of EGFR mutation in the exon 19, resulting in the deletion of codon 746 to 753. A missense mutation was detected in exon 20, dealing with codon 789 to 793. The mutation in exon 21 belonged to the single missense substitution in codon 858. The EGFR mutations were more frequent in female patients than male ones, in adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous cell carcinoma versus cancer of other histologies.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EGFR mutation is a tumor-specific somatic abnormality. Some one third of Chinese NSCLC tumors harbor EGFR mutations, especially in exons 19 and 21. These mutations are more frequently detected in female, adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous cell carcinoma.</p>